THE PLAYING AREA
DESIGN OF THE NET
BALL CROSSING THE VERTICAL PLANE OF THE NET
SCREEN
COMPLETED BLOCK
LOCATION OF THE REFEREEING CORPS AND THEIR ASSISTANTS
1 = First referee
2 = Second referee
A = Scorer
L = Linespersons (Line judges.)
= Ball retrievers
REFEREE’S OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS
P = Referee 1
S = Referee 2
L = Lineman
REFEREE’S OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS
P = Referee 1
S = Referee 2
L = Lineman
REFEREE’S OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS
P = Referee 1
S = Referee 2
L = Lineman
REFEREE’S OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS
P = Referee 1
S = Referee 2
L = Lineman
REFEREE’S OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS
P = Referee 1
S = Referee 2
L = Lineman
REFEREE’S OFFICIAL HAND SIGNALS
P = Referee 1
S = Referee 2
L = Lineman
MISCONDUCT SANCTION SCALE
1. Unsportsmanlike conduct
| Offense | Punishment | Card | Consequence |
| 1 st offense | Warning | Yellow card | No action |
| 2 nd offense | Penalty | Red card | Opposition team receives point or serve |
| 3 rd offense | Expulsion | Yellow followed by red card | Consecutive yellow and red cards |
2. Rude conduct
| Offense | Punishment | Card | Consequence |
| 1 st offense | Penalty | Red card | Opposition team receives point or serve |
| 2 nd offense | Expulsion | Yellow followed by red card | Leave the playing court |
3. Offensive conduct and 4. Aggression Conduct
| Offense | Punishment | Card | Consequence |
| 1 st offense | Disqualification | Yellow followed by red card | Leave the playing area |